“If not me going to Hell, who will go there?” this sentence is frequently used to depict the spirit & will. If not me who else, is the only, namely ourselves confronting with bravery, an extraordinary difficult condition, in which others, one by one will stay away from that matter. Actually, if we understand how frightened & suffered existing in Hell, who could pronounce & able to implement simultaneously, probably only Di Zang Wang Pu Sa.

Di Zang Wang Pu Sa {Hok Kian = Te Cong Ong Pho Sat} or also called Di Zang Pu Sa {Te Cong Pho Sat}. In Sanskrit it is called Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, is a Buddhist Deity who is adored very much by people besides Guan Yin Pu Sa.

Di means a gigantic earth. Zang means to keep. It indicates that Te Cong Ong Pho Sat’s heart is like a gigantic earth that is able to keep everything, including uncountable number of human beings, particularly those who have roots of good deed.

Te Cong Ong Pho Sat was one of 4 Bodhisattvas that was respected very much by Mahayana Buddhists. All four Bodhisattvas respectively have their own 4 basic qualities:

1. Guan Yin Pu Sa as a symbol of Compassion (Welas Asih).
2. Wen Su Pu Sa as a symbol of Wisdom.
3. Pu Xian Pu Sa as a symbol of Love & Implementation.
4. Di Zang Pu Sa as a symbol Majesty in a vow to help miserable spirits.

His Majesty Vow that is full of the sense of welas asih reads: “If not me who will go to Hell to help the miserable spirits there, who will go? …… If Hell is not free from miserable spirits, I will not become a Buddha.”

In Chinese people’s heart, Te Cong Ong Pho Sat is a Guardian Angle for departed spirits suffering from torture in Hell, in order that they can be free & re-born (reincarnation). He was often connected to 10 Kings of the Hereafter (Shi Tian Yan Wang). All ten Kings of the hereafter were direct subordinates of him, so that he had the title You Ming Jiao Zhu (Religious Figure in the Hereafter). He become the protector of departed spirits, guiding them to be conscious of their bad conducts in the past & would no longer repeat it, in order to be free from bad karma on the next reincarnation.

Te Cong Ong Pho Sat’s history is recorded in the following Buddhist Holy Book: When Sakyamuni Buddha has accomplished his duty & entered to Nirvana, 1,500 year later he reincarnated to the world & born in Korea, under the name of Jin Qiao Jue {Kim Kiauw Kak}, a prince of King Family in Sin Lo country. After many people knew that he was the reincarnation of Buddha, they called him Jin Di Zang. He had humble character, compassion & kind hearted, not greedy of wealth & throne. He liked delving into Confucian & Buddhist teachings.

In A.D. 653, the year of 4^th Yong Wei, namely Emperor Tang Gao Zong government era, Jin Qiao Jue, at that time was 24 years old, by bringing a dog named Shan Ting (literal meaning: “Clever to Listen”) sailed crossing the ocean, then arrived at Jiu Hua Shan mountain, An Hui Province.

Jiu Hua Shan Mountain was actually owned by Min Gong {Bin Kong}. Min Gong was a very kind hearted person, like helping people who were suffering from distress. He promised to provide vegetarian food for 100 (Buddhist) monks. However every time he was successful to gather 99 people, never succeeded to complete the number of 100 people.

Therefore, this time he went by himself to the mountain to look for the 100^th Buddhist monk. When he saw Jin Qiao Jue meditating in a hut, he immediately approached him & invited him coming to his house to have meal together. Jin Qiao Jue who saw Min Gong who was seemingly well-matched with him, then fulfilled his invitation, but by filing 1 request. His request was simple: he only wished a parcel of land in Jiu Hua Shan an area of his Gauze dress (Buddhist Monk’s Holy Robe) being spread. Considering such unimportant request, Min Gong directly approved it. But something strange happened. When Jin Qiao Jue spread his gauze dress into air, in fact such heirloom dress changed into extremely large so that it could cover the whole mountain.

Such was Min Gong then delivered land Jiu Hua Shan to Jin Qiao Jue that was used to establish place of worship & taught Dharma. Min Gong even asked his son to accompany Jin Qiao Jue to become a Buddhist Monk. This Min Gong’s son then was called Dao Ming He Sang {To Bing Hwe Sio}. Hereinafter Min Gong left his full of luxury life to become the follower of Jin Qiao Jue & appointed Dao Ming He Sang, his son, becoming his teacher & sanctified himself at Jiu Hua Shan Mountain.

Nowadays, picture or statue of Te Cong Ong Pho Sat is provided with a young Buddhist monk standing on the left & an old Buddhist monk standing on the right. Thai is Dao Ming He Sang & Min Gong.

Jin Qiao Jue lived as a hermit in Jiu Hua Shan Mountain for 75 years, accompanied by his loyal dog. Te Cong Ong Pho Sat passed away in the age of 99 years, in A.D. 728, during the government era of Emperor Xuan Zong of Tang Dynasty, 7^th month, 30^th day of Chinese calendar. That’s is way every that date Chinese people burn joss sticks (hio) what we call Di Zang Xiang {Te Cong Hio} or Te Cong Incense.

Body of Jin Qiao Jue was placed on a small rock cave. Until one day when the body was taken out, but it was still in good condition & non decomposed & his face was like a sleeping person.

During Emperor Xiao Zong government era, his followers established a pagoda in Nan Tai (one of peak in Jiu Hua Shan) & placed its ashes there. When such pagoda completely built & ashes have been placed, in was evident from that pagoda emitted so bright and clear light that it caused amazement of people who stayed there. That place was then changed its name into Shen Guang Ling meaning God’s Light of Hill. Ever since, Jiu Hua Shan has become one of sacred mountains of Buddhists.

In China there are 4 Sacred Mountains for Buddhists:

1. Jiu Hua Shan in An Hui Province.
2. Wu Tai Shan in Shan Xi Province.
3. E Mei Shan in Si Chuan Province.
4. Pu Tuo Shan in Zhe Jiang Province.

Jiu Hua Shan, a Sacred Mountain of Buddhists, actually is one of branch of Huang Shan Mountain range, with + 1,000 meter-heights. Since 9 of its peak like blooming flowers, then people dubbed it Jiu Hua Shan (Mountain of 9 Flowers). Here, there are 108 Buddhist Temples. The oldest one is Hua Cheng Si.

In the past, in every 7^th month, 30^th day of Chinese calendar, many Buddhists were in crowds to Hua Cheng Si Temple to celebrate Di Zang Wang Birthday. This Temple Building is very beautiful, full of high quality wood & stone carvings so that the visitors can enjoy a very valuable Old Chinese work of art. Besides, it should also be enjoyed historical relics in the form of litograph & inscription written by Emperor in the past who visited this Temple. Prime room of this Temple is called Yue Shen Bao Dian, is a place where Te Cong Ong Pho Sat died. There a stone bearing his sole of foot In this room. The visitors entering this room always pray while burning incense.

In the society, adoration of Te Cong Ong Pho Sat is popular, not only in the circle of Buddhists. In addition to being adored in Buddhist style temple, Te Cong Ong has many family temples, ash-house or crematoriums. The purpose is to make their ancestors’ spirits get protection from Te Cong Ong Pho Sat so that it can free faster from torture in the Hell & re-born. Sometimes ceremony at that place was held on Taoism basis, but for the public it is not so important. The important thing for them is prayer itself, without caring about whether it is Taoism or Buddhism.

According to a Book “Notes from Beijing”, at the night of commemorating Te Cong Ong Pho Sat birthday, were performed prayer & recitation of paritta in Temples in Beijing & its environs. It was also prepared a boat made of paper & bamboo, where inside it was put a statue of Te Cong Ong & 10 Kings of the Hereafter which were also made of paper. At midnight after prayer ceremony, candle in the center of boat was lighted up & the boat was lowered into water & let flow anywhere. The people waiting in the brink of river also released small candle being floated on paper- made plate & flowed following such boat. This ceremony was called Liu Hua Deng (Flowing the Flower Lantern). Other provinces in China such as Jiang Su, Zhe Jiang also had this kind of tradition, even though with different variations.

Te Cong Ong Pho Sat was displayed in the state of sitting on a lotus, wearing 5-leaf Buddhist hat with the face emitting light of affection, bringing a ring-stick. At the time it was brought to walk, the rings existing on the tip of this stick will jingle. This sound is expected to make ants or other small animals step aside in order not to be trampled upon by Buddhist Monk, since one of Basic Principles of Buddhism is not killing living thing.

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Te Cong Ong Pho Sat – Bodhisatva Ksitigarbha

Ulambana Ceremony， 中元節 Zhong Yuan Jie (Hok Kian: Tiong Gwan Cwe) is celebrated every year on the 15^th day of 7^th month of Chinese calendar (Imlek). The people usually also call it as Cioko Festival (Ghost Festival). But do we know, actually this Ulambana Ceremony contains very deep meaning?

There is a Buddhist Holy Book entitles 盂蘭盆經 Yi Lan Pen Jing, in the said Holy Book is recorded an episode:

Long time ago, there was a Buddhist monk named Maha Moggalana. He was one of 10 Prominent Disciples of Gautama Buddha. Maha Moggalana was a disciple of Buddha with the number 1 divide power (below Buddha).

Once upon a time, Maha Moggalana, with his innermost feelings, saw his died mother, walked together with a group of hungering ghosts. With the intention of helping his mother, then he put rice into a bowl, to feed his mother. Who knows, when he would feed the rice to his mother’ mouth, the said rice changed into a blazing live coals. By practicing his divide power, Maha Moggalana tried repeatedly, but every time the rice entered to his mother’s mouth, the said rice changed into live coals.

Maha Moggalana was extremely surprised then came back and reported to Buddha Sakyamuni. Buddha said to him: Your mother’s sin is too severe, only with your own power; it cannot release your mother’s suffering!

Then Maha Moggalana kneeled on the floor, kindly request to Buddha while weeping tears: Implore Buddha to grant advice, how to help my mother in order to free from ocean of suffering and not together with those hungering ghosts at all?

Buddha replied: Concerning this matter, it needs the strengths of Buddhist Monks in 10 corners, when arrive at this Tiong Gwan Cwe Festival, representing parents from 7 generations, and current parents who are in disaster /calamity, prepare various vegetables and fruits, to be offered to The Goodness in 10 corners, each person make good deeds, at this time able to free the suffering of all hungering ghosts.

After Maha Moggalana kistened to it, then asked again: May all dedicated people take park in “Yi Lan Pen” ?

Buddha answered: Excellent! Excellent!

Participate in Yi Lan Pen my read paritta Yi Lan Pen Jin in order that suffering parents can obtain freedom. Therefore, on the day toward Tiong Gwan Cwe Festival many people who practice vegetarianism and worship, representing parents who have passed away, free from suffering.

Perhaps,… in Tiong Gwan Cwe Festival, is a day where Hell’s Gate is open!!! To prevent died father-mother from suffering in the Hell, then practiced worship to spirits, the Deity and Ghost massively, hoping that the unseen spirits not torturing the said dead father-mother.

Tiong Gwan Cwe Festival, Ceng Beng Festival, and Tang Ce Festival are 3 Ghost Festivals in the circle of Chinese people.

In regions & provinces in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, considerably pay attention to these 3 Festivals. Moreover in this Tiong Gwan Cwe Festival, performs worships grandiosely and supernaturally. It is the shape DEVOTION to parents.

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Buddhist Temple Jindeyuan Jakarta

Ulambana

What is meant by 文昌公Wen Chang Gong {Hok Kian: Bun Ciong Kong} here is五文昌Wu Wen Chang / Ngo Bun Ciang (Five Literature/ Education Deities). Meanwhile the one who stays on the same altar with this Tek Hai Cin Jin is 魁星星君 Kui Xing Xing Jun {Hok Kian : Kwee Seng Seng Kun}, namely one of Education Deities, namely:

1. 文昌帝君 Wen Chang Di Jun {Hok Kian= Bun Chiang Tek Kun}
2. 文恒聖帝 Wen Heng Seng Di { = Bun Heng Seng Tee }
3. 護佑帝君 Fu You Di Jun / Lu Dong Bin { = Bu Hiu Tek Kun}
4. 魁斗星君/魁星星君 Kui Dou Xing Jun / Kui Xing Xing Jun { = Kwee Seng Seng Kun}
5. 主藝星君 Zhu Yi Xing Jun / Zhu Yi Fu Zi { = Cu Ie Seng Kun}

Kwe Seng Seng Kun was also called Kwee Tao Seng Kun or Bun Kwee Hu Cu or Liok Ie Tee Kun (Green-Dressed Emperor). He was one of North Star Deities, as well as the reincarnation of Literature Star (Bun Khiok Seng), who was believed extremely determine the fate of students in the field of literature who will take the exam.

When the China still applied State Exam system, the students and Mandarin people adored Ngo Bun Ciang very much, particularly on the 7^th day of the 7^th month of Imlek (Chinese New Year), namely the Great Day for examining the Cleverness (Khit Khau Ciat).

The general appearance of Kwee Seng Seng Kun was in the form of bad-face creature, one of his feet was lifted backward and the other foot stepped on water creature Ao (a kind of Monster). His hand held leather pen and the other hand held a quart (gantang), a symbol of science world.

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Buddhist Temple Jindeyuan Jakarta

Bun Ciong Kong

]]> http://jindeyuan.org/en/bun-ciong-kong-education-deities-2/index.htm/feed 0 http://jindeyuan.org/en/kwan-seng-tek-kun-satyakalama-bodhisatva/index.htm http://jindeyuan.org/en/kwan-seng-tek-kun-satyakalama-bodhisatva/index.htm#comments Sun, 08 Aug 2010 16:19:32 +0000 jindeyua http://jindeyuan.org/en/?p=180 Kwan Seng Tek Kun – Satyakalama Bodhisatva

Guan Sheng Di Jun 關聖帝君 {Hok Kian = Kwan Seng Tek Kun} generally called as Guan Gong {Hok Kian = Kwan Kong}, was a famous General who lived during Three States Era (Sam Kok, 165 – 219 M). He was originally named Guan Yu alias Guan Yin Zhang.

He was one of the Deities who were adored by three religions (Sam Kauw). The Buddhists consider him as the Deity who Protects Temples and Other Holy Buildings (one of Ke Lan Seng Ciong Pho Sat). The Taoists adored him as the War Protecting Angle. Meanwhile Confusianists adored him as holy man and a model in terms of Loyal, Truth and Bravery. During the China Empire and within Qing Dynasty, Koan Seng Tee Kun was considerably adored together with Koan Im Hut Co. He was the Prime Deity for Protecting the Kingdom.

His Picture and statue were popular with the shape He was sitting while reading a History Book of Chun Chiu era (one of 5 classical books). Together with other 4 Deities of Education, he was adored as 5 Deities of Education (Ngo Bun Ciang). The people usually adored him as the Deity of Civil and Military (Bun Bu Seng Sin) and one of the Deities of Wealth (Cay Sin). Together with his foster child, Kwan Phing, and his loyal bodyguard Ciu Chong, he was adored both in the temples and in the houses.

In the Story of Three States (Sam Kok) Kwan Kong was a General named Guan Yi (Hok Kian = Kwan Yi). Then how can General Guan Yi (Kwan Kong) become a Bodhisatva? As we know, Bodhisatva was a self-builder with full of love and affection. Meanwhile a General in the warfare era must have killed many people. It is very contradictive. But we should know that someone could become a Bodhisatva if he has extraordinary noble personality. Extraordinary noble personality of General Guan Yi (Kwan Kong) was Loyalty & Truth.

The followings are digests & noble personality of Life History of Kwan Kong in Sam Kok History (the History of Three States). Please compare if you read Sam Kok Book written by Lo Kwan Chung which consists of 4 books @ 750 pages):

1. Loyal to the State

In warfare, Kwan Kong was encircled by hundreds of enemy’s soldiers (Chao Chao). But he was never fear to die, remained unwilling to surrender to Chao Chao. Even, proposed 3 conditions: 1. Subject to Han Kingdom, not to Chao Chao.2. Lauw Pie Family (wife of Lauw Pie) was secured her safety. 3. If having heard the presence of Lauw Pie, Kwan Kong was allowed to rejoin his older brother. Chao Chao forcefully accepted these conditions (was there any person who surrender, but proposed 3 conditions???). Then, Kwan Kong lived in Chao Chao Palace for 12 years, but He remained loyal to Han Dynasty with patriotic principles: Surrender to Han, not to Chao.

2. Keep up  Moral Norms

Kwan Kong maintained the safety of both older sisters in-law for 12 years, accompanied by candles, he read literature book Chun Chiu. He was cowardly to leave his older sisters in-law, since he was afraid they were in danger. Chao Chao trickily arranged Kwan Kong lived with both his older sisters’ in-law in the same house. But Chao Chao’s tactics were unsuccessful, for 12 years Kwan Kong succeeded in maintaining moral; norms! Human being is the creature that has feeling, people who lived together for 12 years must have had feeling to each other. But Kwan Kong was able to keep the holiness. Really incredible! Climate of Kshatriya Climate (Hawa Kesatria) soared to the sky, along the history there was no the second man.

3. Not tempted to Enjoyment/Pleasure

Chao Chao served Kwan Kong with 3 days of 1 small party; 5 days of 1 small party, through moderate tactics would like to make Kwan Kong’s heart surrendered in order to serve to him. Because Chao Chao saw Kwan Kong protected Lauw Pie during the warfare, with full of misery, exhausted, every time was threatened by danger. But Kwan Kong kept loyal to Lauw Pie; his heart was not affected with the said parties.

4. Not affected by the fame and wealth

Kwan Kong was inaugurated as Sou Ting Hou (The Highest Armed Forces Commander), ride the horse was given gold, ride off the horse was given silver. Chao Chao was very smart in winning someone’s heart: Every time willing to ride horse was given a bag of gold, then ride off from the horse there was guard gave a bag of silver. But Kwan Kong remained unstoppable, not greedy of wealth {imagine if we exchange the position; For example every time get in the car is given gold, and when get off the car is given a bag of silver. If we are greedy, willing to get plentiful wealth easily, then we everyday only get in and get off the car!?}. In Chao Chao’s mind, nobody who couldn’t be subjected by 4 Ta (four syllables TA: Harta (wealth) (gold & silver), Tahta (throne) (His position: Sou Ting Hou), Beautiful girl, Jamuan Pesta (Party Entertainment). But Kwan Kong was unstoppable, remained loyal to Lauw Pie.

5. Not expecting new one and throw away the old one.

Chao Chao provided a present of red robe coated with jewels to Kwan Kong. But by Kwan Kong, the said (new) red robe was worn inside while old and torn and faded blue robe given by Lauw Pie was worn outside. Seeing this matter Chao Chao felt very amazed, and then asked Kwan Kong why he did so? Kwan Kong answered that new red robe given by Chao Chao being worn outside was as indication that Kwan Kong respected Chao Chao. Meanwhile old & faded blue robe worn outside was as indication Kwan Kong always remembered his foster brother, Lauw Pie.

6. Do not forget loyalty of brotherhood

When received news from his older brother Lauw Pie, Kwan Kong immediately asked permission to Chao Chao, but Chao Chao intentionally didn’t want to meet, hang a plate in front of the room: Do not accept the guest! But Kwan Kong was not captivated by good deed, and then returned all gold and silver he received, as well as grandeur stamp of Sou Ting Hou. Then Kwan Kong left Chao Chao Palace went along thousand kilometers seeking for his foster brother, Lauw Pie.

7. Forget me, not care about self safety

When recognized the escaping of Kwan Kong from his palace, Chao Chao pronounced an order: if you fail to arrest Kwan Kong, It’s better to kill him! Kwan Kong himself brought & protected both of his foster brother in-law Broke through 5 fortresses and killed 6 Generals. Finally Kwan Kong succeeded meeting again with Lauw Pie & Tio Hui, his younger foster brother.

Loyalty and Truth of Kwan Kong were incomparable, a long the history of human being there was only 1 person. He was successful to maintain noble personality of Gang Zheng: kshatriya, fair, honest, dependable, has integrity, and courageous, eventually reached the perfection as the Greatest Bodhisatva Kumala Raja, Guan Sheng Du Jun (Kwan Seng Tek Kun). He also had the title Fu Mo Da Di (Bodhisatva the Conqueror of Mara), Guan Fa Li Zu (Bodhisatva who Upholds the Law).

Herewith call the followers of religion in order that at the time of worship to Kwan Kong, not to use meat as gift, but only use fruits and cakes (vegetarian). Remember, he has reached Bodhisatva with the title Guan Sheng Di Jun.

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Buddhist Temple Jindeyuan Jakarta

Kwan Seng Tek Kun – Bodhisatva Satyakalama

Date: July 30, 2010

Day: Friday

Lunar: 19 LakGwe 2561

To commemorate the anniversary, and to facilitate the people who will pray, Kim Tek Ie on Thursday, July 29, 2010 (Lunar New Year: 2561 Lak Gwe 18) stays open until the next day (open 24 hours).

Kim Tek Ie usually closing on weekdays at 19:00, in the day of Wednesday, July 28, 2010 to close early on 17:00 pm, due to be held purge monasteries.

Hari Ulang Tahun Kwan Im Hut Co

In general, 觀音佛祖 Guan Yin Fo Zhu {Hok Kian = Kwan Im Hut Co} is called Guan Yin. Its familiar call is Ma Kwan Im / Kwan Im Ma 觀音媽. In Sanskrit it is called Buddha Avalokitesvara. Why do many people mention Goan Shi Yin Pu Sa 觀世音菩薩 {Hok Kian = Kwan Si Im Pho Sat }?  It is due to his very compassionate namely: will not be a Buddha before all human beings are saved. But actually he has become a Buddhist and has the title Nan Hai Gu Fo南海古佛 {Hok Kian = Lam Hai Ko Hut }. Then we call it Kwan Im Hut Co.

Long time before Buddhism was disseminated from India to China, in Ancient China there had been belief to a compassionate Goddess with the appearance wearing white robe. At the end of Han Dynasty (25 – 228 M), Buddhism entered to China and obtained place in the heart of people. The history of Miao Shan (Biao Sian) Princess in the history of Lam Hai Kwan Im Coan Thoan was known very well in China’s Buddhism and has been united in the inners of Chinese people.

Such was a Compassionate Goddess of China’s origin白衣大士 Bai Yi Da Shi {Pek Ie Tai Su} unified in Avalokitesvara, it makes typical Chinese Buddhist Gods, even its Indian special characteristic has totally lost. The History of Miao Shan Princess who considerably dedicated to the parents was a reflection of the story of Buddha Gautama, in which he left secularism to become a hermit and become perfect in Pu To Shan mount.

Kwan Im figure that is closer to all level of society made him very popular even exceeding Buddha Gautama himself. In his appearance as Chien Chiu Kwan Im (one Thousand Hand – Kwan Im), he was esoterically as if the God Almighty, since he was able to grant all requests of His followers.

Kwan Im Hut Co was widely known as a Compassionate Goddess, who was adored  not only in the circle of Buddhist only but also in the circle of Taoism and all levels of common society in various countries mainly in Asia Continent. Let’s take into account, in every (Chinese) Temple of Buddhist place of worship, whoever becoming the Host [for example Hian Than Kong 玄壇公, Te Cong Ong 地藏王, Ma Co 媽祖, Kwan Kong 關公 , Ceng Guan Ceng Kun 清元真君, etc ] there must be a special altar to respect Kwan Im Hut Co ! Why is so? It is because His Great Compassionate (大慈大悲). Then he was called Guan Shi Yin. Even the Western also knows him as Goddess Of Mercy !!!

Guan Shi Yin is a lateral translation of Sanskrit Avalokitesvara, containing the following meanings:

Guan  = see, look at

Shi     = world (Perishable world full of miseries)

Yin    = voice (scream of misery of human being)

Guan Yin is a Buddhist represented a compassionate and loving hearth, instilled in the inner hearth of each adorer. They believe that Guan Yin can hear grievance of those who suffered and come to help, in different appearance, both female and male.

In the society, Kwan Im Hut Co is considered as a rescuer for the people who are in misery and suffering. He is also deemed the helper of the spirits who suffer in the hell, therefore he is featured in worship feeding the hungry spirits held on the 7^th month of Chinese New year (Imlek), with the name of Pu Du Gong 普渡公 (Master who helps the Crossing).

The Appearance of Kwan Im

In Sutra Suddharma Pundarika Sutra 妙法蓮花經 (Biauw Hoat Lien Hoa Keng) is mentioned there are 33 appearances or reincarnation of Kwan Im Pho Sat. Meanwhile in Maha Karuna Dharani / Da Bei Zhou 大悲咒 {Hok Kian = Tay Pi Ciu}， there are 84 different shapes (rupa) yang as manifestation of Kwan Im as Bodhisatva whose a great power. His loyal partner is Kim Tong 金童 (Gold Bachelor) and Giok Li 玉女 (Kumala Girl) or frequently called Sian Cay & Liong Nio.

The main Altar in Phu Tho San (Pho Jee Sie) temple is dedicated to Kwan Im Pho Sat with its appearance as Buddha Vairocana, and on the left/ right lines up respectively the all 16 his other appearance. Total on the left and right together with on the main altar are 33 kinds of impressed and very authoritative.

In other countries adhering to Buddhism such as India, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia, Kwan Im Hut Co is usually is performed as a man. Only in China, Kwan Im Hut Co is created as women with various performances including:

1. Kwan Im who brings Silk gives teachings of Buddha Dharma to human beings.
2. Kwan Im with violet bamboo forest.
3. Kwan Im crosses the sea. They say, Kwan Im from India crossed the ocean approaching to Phu Tho San, Zhe Jiang Province.
4. A thousand-hand Kwan Im. This appearance meaning that Kwan Im knows everything and able to do many things.
5. Kwan Im with basket filled with fish. Meaning loving the creatures, since that fish will be released again to the sea.
6. Kwan Im wearing white dress. It means true-white without any sin like Maria in Catholic.
7. Kwan Im with 8 (eight) obstacles. It is representing Kwan Im able to cope with various difficulties in order to accept Buddhism teachings peacefully
8. Kwan Im brings child. Worship for parents who wish to have child(ren).
9. Kwan Im brings bottle containing sacred water. Usually accompanied by a sacred kid, San Chai, and cockatoo.
10. Kwan Im climbs the wave or on a reef, representing his perseverance to go through various difficulties in helping human beings.

All 10-appearances above are the most famous among the 33 shapes of appearance of Kwan Im, in helping his followers who require.

His appearance on a main altar Kim Tek Ie is a King Cee Kwan Im (Kwan Im brings Silk teaches Buddha Dharma teachings to human beings). In addition to, there is a shape of Kwan Im Hut Co in Chien Chiu Kwan Im 千手觀音 (Kwan Im one thousand hands) an appearance of Him that always ready to grant a sincere request from His followers.

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Kwan Im Hut Co – Dewi Welas Asih

韋陀菩薩 Wei Tuo Pu Sa {Hok Kian= Wi To Pho Sat} had the title of 護法菩薩 Hu Fa Pu Sa, namely Bodhisatva the Protector of Dharma. Wi To Pho Sat was also called 韋陀天 Wei Tuo Tian, was Bodhisatva who protected Buddhist Monasteries, Temples and sacred Buildings. He was also the Protector of Buddhist holy books.

Wi To Pho Sat originated from the God of Brahmana Religion in India. According to the legend, Wi To Pho Sat had 6 heads & 12 arms. He rode a peacock with his hands holding arch and arrows. After Wi To was admitted into Buddhism, he became a Bodhisatva the Protector of Temple/Buddhist monastery 7 became one of 8 Generals of Southern Heavens. 四大天王 Si Da Tian Wang (4 Kings of Heavens) respectively had 8 Kings of Heavens and that totally there were 32 Generals of Heavens. Wi To Pho Sat was the Leader of 32 such Generals of heavens.

As a Custodian  of Dharma, generally his Kim Sin (statue) was put in the main room of a temple, back to back with 彌勒古佛 Mi Le Gu Fo {Bi Lek Ko Hud — Maitreya Buddha}. His pratima was described with complete war dress while his hands carrying Hang Mo Pian (Sharp Weapon for Conquering Devil).

As stated by Buddhist Book, Wei Tuo was a son of Tian Wang (King of Heavens) whom because of his good deed Sakyamuni Buddha appointed Wei Tuo as the Protector of Dharma Buddha when he went up to Nirwana. Therefore, he had a duty to protect Dharma Sang Buddha, protected members of Sangha from disturbance of Mara and reconciled if there was inter-sect disagreement. In the event that a Sangha (Mahayana) breached Vinaya (Buddhistship regulations), then he would be confronted to Wi Tuo Pu Sa for Remorse.

Wi To Pho Sat was sometimes appeared as 門神 Men Shen {Mui Sin = the Angle of Doors} who safeguarded the temples together with 迦闌菩薩 Jia Lan Pu Sa {Ka Lan Pho Sat — Bodhisatva the Protector of Sacred Buildings).

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Wi To Pho Sat - Bodhisatva the Protector of Temples

In the people’s heart, Seng Hong Ya is a court official in the hereafter (afterlife), who can fill up the court weakness in the world, so that Seng Hong Ya is considerably respected by common people. Belief in Seng Hong Ya was originating from worship to 水庸神 Shui Yong Shen (God of Drainage Ditch Supervisor), namely one of Ba Zha Shen (God of Crops consisting of 8 Deities).

In the belief of Chinese people, Seng Hong Ya is the only God having difference of level (social level). Person who heads up the whole country is called 天下都城隍 Thian Xia Dou Cheng Huang. Person who administers a province is called 都城隍 Dou Cheng Huang. Person who administers a regent was 府城隍 Fu Cheng Huang.

城隍爺 Cheng Huang Ye {Hok Kian = Seng Hong Ya } is God of City Protector. Literally Cheng Huang means Protective Ditch of City Fortress (城 Cheng = city wall. 隍 Huang = dry ditch outside city wall).

Worship ceremony to respect Ba Zha Shen was started by Emperor Yao [B.C. 2357– 2258]. Shui Yong Shen as one of Ba Zha Shen occupied the most important position among those eight gods. Gradually the meaning of ditch was broadened including ditch or fortress protecting ditch which was called Cheng Huang.

During San Guo {Sam Kok = Three Kingdom} era [A.D. 221– 265] in Wu {Gouw} country, Cheng Huang was begun being respected separately, apart from Ba Zha Shen. In the year A.D. 239 was established a temple of 城隍廟 Cheng Huang Miao {Seng Hong Bio}, namely the first Seng Hong temple.

During Tang Dynasty era [A.D. 618 907] in each provincial capital were many temples being established to respect Seng Hong. Ever since Seng Hong was officially has come God of City Protector, with common call Cheng Huang Lao Ye {Seng Hong Lo Ya} or Cheng Huang Ye {Seng Hong Ya}.

After 明太祖 Ming Tai Zu {Beng Thai Cou} – 朱元璋 Zu Yuan Zhang the first Emperor of Ming Dynasty was in command, he was then appointed Cheng Huang in the State Capital (then in Nan Jing) as Tian Xia Dou Cheng Huang meaning God of State Capital Protector with the title of Ming Ling Wang. After that, all Cheng Huang from each provincial capital was appointed as Du Cheng Huang meaning God of Capital Protector. Then Cheng Huang of each Regency capital was awarded the title of Wei Ling Gong. Whereas in regency level was awarded a title of Ling Ying Hou and title of Xian You Bo in sub-district level. For that reason, Cheng Huang Ye has typical regional characteristics.

During this Emperor Ming Tai Zu era, the temples to do homage to Seng Hong Ya in China, their types resemble offices of government official & their rank level were also following sequence line of promotion of government officials.

During Qing Dynasty era [1644 - 1911] each government office, both military and civil, was required to establish to adore Cheng Huang next to him, as a symbol of Yang (real government, government offices) and Yin (the government by spirit, in the form of Cheng Huang temple). The officials on duty there were required to worship in each Ce It & Cap Go (the firsts and the fifteenth day of Chinese Calendar) in the said Cheng Huang temple, as a homage to the ruler from that afterlife.

Many people believe that the dead person, his departed spirit will be brought to the presence of Seng Hong Ya to be examined, then decided it will enter the heavens or hell. Seng Hong Ya had many subordinates, they among others are 文武判官 Wen Wu Pan Guan {Bun Bu Pwan Kwan} namely a civil& military prosecutor, 牛頭馬面 Niu Tou Ma Mian {Gu Thou Be Bin} namely Cow head & Horse face man, Qi Ye Ba Ye also called 大爺二爺 Da Ye Er Ye (also see article on Da Ye Er Ye – Tall & Short God– Archive of March 2008), then there are other 24 officials called Er Shi Si Si {Ji Cap Si Su}.

Cheng Huang Ye was a ruler from the hereafter but his power also included in the world. He was adored as model of an ideal and honest high-rank official. If there were two parties in dispute, they would go to Cheng Huang Temple to swear each other. In the anniversary his birthday was held Gotong Toa Pe Kong ceremony with the theme of Cheng Huang Ye Inspects his people.

There were several Cheng Huang temples that had direct connection to Dong Yue Miao (temple of the place to worship Dong Yue Da Di, Gods of the Ruler of East Mountain). In addition to, Dong Yue Da Di, it was sculpted 10 King of the Hereafter and 18-level of Hell. It described that in the hereafter there will be any sequences of investigation. After being investigated carefully in Cheng Huang location, the spirit would be brought to the presence of Dong Yue Da Di, and carried on to the site of King of Hell, Yan Luo Wang { Hok Kian = Giam Lo Ong } to be imprisoned to the Hell.

Beliefs in Seng Hong Ya were spread from generation to generation in the circle of people. The people believed that the killing heroes, good people or people who have been deserved well for the society, would be appointed become Seng Hong Ya. Consequently, in a range of cities respected Seng Hong Ya was different. For instance, in Hang Zhou city, capital of Zhe Jiang province, prominent figure considered as Seng Hong Ya was Zhou Xin. Zhou Xin was a description of an honest & emphatic court official in his effort to uphold the justice, non bribable and unafraid of being threatened, even by the very authoritative person indeed. In Gun Ming city, a capital of Yun Nan province, person who was appointed as Seng Hong Ya was Yu Qian, a prominent figure during Ming Dynasty era who had ever become a prime minister.

Atmosphere of Cheng Huang temple is usually majestic. There is a big plank inscribed with: You will also be here if your time is coming.  It is also equipped with a big abacus, stating that the angles here were honest, non bribable. What you have done during your life in the world, it will be reckoned accurately.

Temple for the worship of Cheng Huang Ye is one of the big temples and widely spread in China. Nearly in each big and small city there are Cheng Huang Miao.

In Tainan, Taiwan there are 3 Cheng Huang Miao. Cities in Southeast Asia there are also many temples that worship Cheng Huang Ye. They among others are in Singapore, adoration to Cheng Huang Ye is in Kelenteng Hong San Si Temple in Sultan Muhammad Road.

Such was the origin of worship to Seng Hong Ya has been started since more than 4,300 years ago!!!

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端午節 Duan Wu Jie is one of 3 Big Festivals which is commemorated by Chinese people. [ 2 other festivals are春節 Chun Jie (Festival for welcoming the Spring– Chinese New Year) &中秋節 Zhong Qiu Jie (Tiong Ciu Festival – in the middle of fall). ]

Even though according to a legend there are 3 origins of Duan Wu Jie [ 2 other are to commemorate Devoted Princess曹娥 Chao E during East Han Dynasty era (A.D. 25 – 220) who was killed after jumped down to the river due to mourning for his father’s death& to commemorate the death day of伍子胥 Wu Zi Xu from Chu country who lived during Chun Qiu era (B.C. 770 – 476 SM) ], but the origins of a very well known Duan Wu Jie Festival & commemorated in China, Taiwan, etc are based on the death of Qu Yuan who passed away after jumped down to Mi Luo river. In Taiwan, Qu Yuan is also honored as Shui Xian Zhun Wang (the most Respectful Good of Water).

Duan Wu Jie {Twan Ngo Ciap} Festival or sometimes also called Peh Cunis is commemorated annually at Go Gwe Cwe Go (the 5^th day of 5^th month of Chinese Calendar). On the said day, Chinese people usually present bacang (Chinese delicacy made from rice or glutinous rice, wrapped in bamboo leaves, filled with meat and steamed) and kue cang for worship. Where does bacang originate? Duan Wu Jie Festival is to commemorate a holy figure Qu Yuan in which with his loyalty he sacrificed for people and country. It was told as follows:

Zhou Dynasty during battle era in China + 2,400 years ago (B.C. 475-221) divided into 7 (seven) Countries. Qin Country was the strongest and aggressive, often attacked (conduct military aggression) against other six countries. Qu Yuan was a Great and loyal Minister from Chu Country (one of six countries which was attacked by Qin Country). He was a figure who successfully united the six countries to confront aggression of Qin Country, so that his name was highly respected in Qin country.

Qu Yuan had ever hampered King Chu, Huai Wang to fulfill an invitation of King of Qin country to come to its capital city. But unfortunately King Chu Huai Wang, at that time, had been influenced by ram fight tactic from Qin Country, his relations with Qu Yuan broken and unwilling to trust his suggestion any longer.

Finally King Chu Huai Wang was deceived by the promises King Qin to come to its capital city, and then imprisoned there, until he finally died in Qin Country.

After King Xiang Wang took the throne to replace King Chu Huai Wang, he was not only thinking to revenge, even the other way making King Qin as his father! Moreover, there were some ministers who obtained advantages from Qin Country, unpredictably he in fact suggested King Chu Xiang Wang to surrender to Qin Country.

Qu Yuan tried to oppose this matter, debated with King Chu Xiang Wang so that it resulted in him angry very much, then dismissed Qu Yuan who had dedicated for years in Chu Country, and expelled him from Chu Country.

Qu Yuan who spent his life as an escapee for 9 years, has undergone tragic days in which his country was destroyed, and his family was broken, and finally committed suicide by jumping down into Mi Luo River (in Hu Nan Province). Some people who knew the incident tried to help him, but failed. Even his body was not found. Qu Yuan passed away in the 5^th day of 5^th month of Chinese Calendar in the age of 62 years.

Chu Country’s people grieved after they knew that Qu Yuan, their minister who loved his Country very much was dead, and then they went to the brink of the river expressing their deepest sympathies over the death of Qu Yuan.

Soon after, people in the country held a ceremony to commemorate Qu Yuan, considering that the spirit of love of country of Qu Yuan was really lofty.

After Qu Yuan jumped down to Mi Luo River, there was a person from Chu Country who met with the soul of Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan informed this person, people who honored Qu Yuan by throwing food into the river–all foods were all over being fought by fish & shrimps. Then Qu Yuan gave message to the said person to deliver to the public in order that the foods being offered to be wrapped with bamboo leaves & offered in the 5^th day of the 5^th month of Chinese Calendar 5. It is the origins of eating bacang in Duan Wu Jie Festival.

Since Qu Yuan had written so many articles similar to poem, to express the sense of respect and love of Qu Yuan to the Country, then in the 5^th day of 5^th month (Chine Calendar) also constituted Poet Festival in China.

Organization of Dragon Boat competition in Duan Wu Jie Festival, is to remind the effort to seek for body of Qu Yuan who jumped down into the river. Because, in addition to row a boat, it also beats a drum, able to expel fish and shrimp, then they could help Qu Yuan.

Nowadays, at the Duan Wu Festival, in many places are held Dragon Boat Competition, firstly to commemorate Qu Yuan, developing the spirit of love of Country; secondly to promote sports, then with health body is able to protect the Country. In addition to, one family gets together while eat bacang, can also enjoy family happiness.

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In the belief of Chinese People, Tho Tak Thien Ong is a General of Heavens who led the officers of heavens, in general considered him a God of Taoism, but actually Tho Tak Thien Ong was one of 四大天王 Si Da Tian Wang {Si Twa Thien Ong = Four Kings of Heavens} in Buddhism, namely 北方多聞天王 Bei Fang Duo Wen Thian Wang (the most famous King of North Heavens); also called 毗沙門天王 Pi Sa Men Tian Wang.

Pi Sa Men Tian Wang is one of Si Da Tian Wang (Four Kings of Heavens), became A Guardian Angle of & Conqueror of devil in Buddhism. Since he supported a Buddhist pagoda with his palm, so that he was called 托塔天王 Tuo Ta Tian Wang {Hok Kian = Tho Tak Thien Ong}, meaning King of Heavens the Support of Pagoda.

Pi Sa Men Tian Wang was honored universally inter alia in India & Tibet. He is sometimes adored and a God of the Winner of Warfare. In addition to, Pi Sa Men Tian Wang was also called as one of Seven Gods of Fortune in Buddhism, because he could give blessing of luck to his people.

Appearance of God of Tho Tak Thien Ong generally has the shape of a King with the feet stepped on 2 satans, his left hand lifted a small pagoda & his right hand gripped a gada mestika (cudgel of magic jewel). His another appearance was depicted with a hand holding umbrella, mouse, snake & dragon.

After Tho Tak Thien Ong entered China, gradually this Buddhist figure changed into Tho Tak Thien Ong of Chinese version, namely 托塔李天王 Tho Tak Li Thien Ong. Addition of this Li clan because it is linked to Li Jing who originated from Shan Xi Province, a well-known warlord who was meritorious  in helping  Emperor Li Shi Min {Lie Se Bin} established Tang Dynasty.

In 封神演義 Feng Shen Yan Yi {Hong Sin Yen Gi = Story of God’s Bestowal}, was mentioned than Tho Tak Thien Ong is 李靖 Li Jing {Li Ceng}, a warlord who had ever been stationed in Chen Tang Guan city & ever helped King Zhou Wu Wang to topple tyrannical King Zhou Wang (the latest king of Shang Dynasty: + B.C 16^th Century– B.C 11^th Century). After succeeding helping the King established Zhou Dynasty, Li Ceng came back to his native village, dedicated her full attention to develop himself. Finally he succeeded to attain the sanctity

Li Ceng has ever learned to 度厄真人 Du E Zhen Ren. From his marriage he was blessed with 3 sons: 金吒 Jin Zha {Kim Cia}, 木吒 Mu Zha {Bok Cia}, 哪吒 Na Zha {Lo Cia}.

When Li Ceng sent armed troops to destroy the cruel King Zhou, unpredictably he was even at enmity with his c son. Li Ceng was not equal to his third son, then Li Ceng asked for support to Tai Yi Zhen Ren {Thay It Cin Jin} who gave him a small heirloom pagoda, then Li Ceng could conquest his third son, Lo Cia. This Pagoda was finally become an inherent specific characteristic to his epithet, namely Tuo Ta Tian Wang {Tho Tak Thien Ong = King of Heavens the Support of Pagoda}!

In 西遊記 Xi You Ji {Se Yu Ki} Journey Records to Western, by 玉皇大帝 Yu Huang Da Di {Giok Hong Tay Te = Almighty God of Emperor Giok} Li Ceng was designated to be a General of Heavens who led the officers of heavens. Every time he led the heaven troop, Lo Cia became the commander of pioneering troop.

God of Tho Tak Thien Ong was very famous in the circle of Chine people. During Tang & Song dynasties era, where Buddhism reached its golden age, family of Emperor pushes the adoration to Tho Tak Li Thien Ong, so that in each city was established Tian Wang Ci {Thien Ong Su} temple as a symbol of the Kingdom’s authority.

In Taiwan there are only few temples to adore Tho Tak Thien Ong. 天王宮 Tian Wang Gong Temple in Ji Long city makes Tho Tak Thien Ong as a host. In addition, Tho Tak Thien Ong was also adored 文殊殿 Wen Su Dian & 天池壇 Tian Chi Tan.

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Tuo Ta Tian Wang – King of Heavens the Support of Pagoda